Who is liable when a dangerous cargo shipment explodes during the voyage, the carrier or the shipper? This question becomes particularly...

B/Ls for reefer containers usually mention the set point to be maintained by the carrier during transit. What if it only mentions ‘frozen...

In the context of containerized cargoes, it is important to know what constitutes a ‘package’ for limitation purposes under the...

Over the past few years, the word ‘fire’ has become synonymous with ‘containers’. Today, a lot is expected from carriers, especially in...

In international trade, a Letter of Credit (LOC) is used to negate the risk of non-payment for goods by the buyer to the seller. Release...

Is a document a bill of lading just because it is titled and worded as such? The question was up before Singapore Court of Appeal in The...

A bill of lading will generally state that the cargo has been "shipped in apparent good order and condition". But apparent to whom –...

Unpaid freight and switch bills of lading – does the original shipper cease to be liable? llawarra Fortune was voyage chartered by...

General average is a well known [ancient] concept and cargo owners are always looking at [novel] ways to avoid paying their contribution....

Using switch bills of lading is tricky as highlighted by The Grand Ace 12 [2019]. Vessel loaded two parcels of oil from China and Taiwan....

Can a general indemnity be implied in a voyage charter when a clean B/L is issued for goods which were infact loaded in a pre-damaged...

Containers are used to ship goods worth millions. Cargo owners may find it harsh that often they might not be able to recover more than...

Hague Visby rules or CMR, which one is applicable when unauthorized truckers whisk away containers from the terminal by using stolen pick...

Banks when playing their part in financing international trade do also become holders of B/Ls at some stage which gives them rights of...

To what extent are freight forwarders in Singapore liable for handling transshipped "counterfeit" goods? This novel legal issue was up...

Does a general exclusion clause in B/L cover loss/damage to cargo caused by negligence or unseaworthiness? The answer is quite...

Can a house bill of lading issued by a freight forwarder be characterized as a B/L? In other words, is the holder of a house B/L provided...

Good old Himalaya clause to the rescue of downstream carriers in a $1.6m claim. In Royal Smit v. Onego [2018], cargo owners contracted on...

If ship-owners exercise their right to substitute the carrying vessel, and the new vessel belongs to a different owner, then which...

To what extent realistically can NVOCCs undertake the traditional responsibilities of a carrier, and can a claim stemming from delay of...

“Himalaya clause” and Multimodal Bill of Lading: Are downstream carriers (providing sea, road and rail carriage) protected by Himalaya...

Does the one yr time bar in Hague rules apply to ‘misdelivery’ claims? What if the claimant commences proceedings in a foreign court in...

A case from 1970s, The Corinthian Glory provides some explanation. (caution: case is quite fact specific). Charterers took delivery of...

Can a B/L holder, as receiver of damaged goods claim against shipowners (the carrier), even though the voyage charterers (as CIF sellers)...